Port Royal has one of the Caribbean’s most dramatic urban histories. Once a major English settlement and maritime trading center, much of the town was destroyed and submerged during the catastrophic earthquake of 1692.
In July 2025, UNESCO inscribed the Archaeological Ensemble of 17th Century Port Royal on the World Heritage List.
Why Port Royal mattered
Port Royal grew rapidly as a center of regional and transatlantic trade, naval activity and privateering. Its history also includes the trafficking and forced labor of enslaved Africans, an essential part of the town’s economic story.
What the earthquake changed
The 1692 earthquake caused sections of the built-up shoreline to sink or collapse, preserving archaeological remains both on land and underwater. Those submerged streets and structures are protected heritage, not souvenirs or recreational salvage sites.
What visitors can see
- Fort Charles
- Historic streets and structures
- Interpretation of the earthquake and maritime history
- Views across Kingston Harbour
Pirates vs. history
Port Royal is famous in popular culture for pirates and the “wickedest city” label, but the real history is broader: imperial trade, military strategy, slavery, archaeology and disaster all shaped the town.
Planning a visit
Current opening arrangements for heritage sites can change, so confirm Fort Charles and museum operations before traveling specifically for them. Do not attempt to access underwater archaeological areas independently.
Official sources
UNESCO — Archaeological Ensemble of 17th Century Port Royal and the Jamaica National Heritage Trust.
FAQ
Is Port Royal really underwater?
Parts of the 17th-century town were submerged or buried after the 1692 earthquake; protected archaeological remains survive underwater and on land.
Is Port Royal a UNESCO site?
Yes. UNESCO inscribed the archaeological ensemble in 2025.
Can tourists dive the sunken city?
Do not assume public recreational access. The underwater archaeology is protected and access is controlled by heritage and environmental authorities.
